The copper plates conducted heat rapidly to and from the bismuth telluride, thus maintaining the temperature difference.

铜片可以把热量迅速地传递到碲化铋上或从碲化铋上导出，这样就能保持气温差。

Her image was captured on a copper plate with finely polished, shining silver in the middle of the 19th century.

她的形象是在 19 世纪中叶用精细抛光、闪亮的银色铜板上拍摄的。

Because metal atoms crystallize so rapidly, scientists had to cool the alloy down incredibly fast, a million degrees Kelvin per second, by shooting tiny droplets at cold copper plates, or spinning ultrathin ribbons.

因为金属原子结晶极为迅速，所以学家们必须极快地把合金冷却，大概是以一百万开氏度每秒，他们把微粒射向冷铜片，或者极薄的旋转带。

The third objective, efficient design, involved sandwiching the nanostructured bismuth telluride between two copper plates and then enclosing the upper plate (the one coated with the light-absorbing oxides) and the bismuth telluride in a vacuum.

三个目标是高效的设计，它涉及到把纳米级的碲化铋夹在两片铜薄片之间然后把位于上方的薄片（这个薄片被覆盖上了吸收光线的氧化物）和碲化铋封入一个真空内。